Cybersecurity Basics: Protecting Your Business Data

Small Businesses Are the Biggest Target

If you think hackers only go after big corporations, you are wrong. According to data cited by CISA and the FCC, the majority of cyberattacks target small and medium-sized businesses. The reason is simple: small businesses have valuable data and weak defenses. You have customer credit card numbers, bank account information, employee Social Security numbers, and trade secrets, all sitting behind a password that is probably "Company123."

A single ransomware attack can shut down your business for days or weeks. A data breach can destroy customer trust overnight. The average cost of a cyber incident for a small business runs into tens of thousands of dollars. Most of this is preventable.

The Basics That Block 90% of Attacks

1. Use Strong, Unique Passwords Everywhere

Every account gets a different password. Every password is at least 12 characters with a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols. Use a password manager like Bitwarden, 1Password, or LastPass to generate and store them.

If you are using the same password for your email, your bank, and your QuickBooks account, stop reading this article and go fix that right now.

2. Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

MFA requires a second verification step beyond your password, usually a code sent to your phone or generated by an app. Enable it on every account that supports it: email, banking, accounting software, cloud storage, and social media.

This single step blocks over 99% of automated account takeover attacks.

3. Keep Software Updated

Every software update includes security patches for known vulnerabilities. When you ignore that update notification for three months, you are leaving a known door unlocked for attackers.

Enable automatic updates on operating systems, browsers, and business software. For specialized tools that cannot auto-update, set a monthly reminder to check manually.

4. Back Up Your Data

Follow the 3-2-1 rule: three copies of your data, on two different types of storage, with one copy stored offsite. Cloud backup services like Backblaze, Carbonite, or built-in cloud sync (Google Drive, OneDrive) handle this affordably.

Test your backups. A backup you have never restored is a backup you cannot trust.

5. Train Your Team

Phishing emails are the number one attack vector. Train every employee to recognize suspicious emails, verify unexpected requests for money or information, and report anything that looks wrong. Do this training at least quarterly.

Common red flags: urgent language ("act now or your account will be closed"), unfamiliar sender addresses, links that do not match the displayed text, and requests for passwords or financial information.

Securing Your Network

Wi-Fi Security

Change the default router admin password. Use WPA3 encryption (or WPA2 at minimum). Create a separate guest network for visitors and personal devices. Never conduct business on public Wi-Fi without a VPN.

Firewalls

Enable the built-in firewall on every computer and your router. For businesses with more than ten devices, consider a dedicated hardware firewall or a managed firewall service.

Device Management

Every device that accesses company data should have antivirus software, automatic screen lock, and remote wipe capability. When an employee leaves, revoke their access to all systems immediately, not next week.

What to Do If You Get Breached

1. Contain the damage. Disconnect affected systems from the network. Do not turn them off (forensic evidence may be needed).
2. Assess what was compromised. Determine what data was accessed or stolen.
3. Notify affected parties. Most states require notification of data breaches within a specific timeframe. Check your state's requirements.
4. Report it. File a report with the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) and contact your local FBI field office for significant incidents.
5. Fix the vulnerability. Determine how the attacker got in and close that gap.
6. Review and improve. Use the incident to update your security policies and training.

Free Government Resources

The federal government offers excellent free cybersecurity resources for small businesses:

• NIST Small Business Cybersecurity Corner provides frameworks and checklists tailored to small businesses
• CISA's Cyber Essentials is a practical starting guide for business leaders
• FCC's Small Biz Cyber Planner helps you create a custom cybersecurity plan

You do not need to hire a cybersecurity consultant to get started. These free resources cover the fundamentals that block the vast majority of attacks.

Bottom Line

Cybersecurity is not optional. It is as essential as locking your office door at night. Start with passwords, MFA, updates, backups, and training. These five steps cost almost nothing and block most attacks. Then build from there as your business and data grow.